Preserving History for Future Generations
At Banff Castle, we host a wide range of vibrant community events that bring people together and support the ongoing preservation of this historic building.
From fun-filled family days to celebrations of local heritage, our events cater to all ages and interests.
All of these events are made possible by our dedicated team of volunteers, whose hard work ensures the Castle remains a thriving hub for the community.
These events not only create unforgettable memories but also play a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing the Castle for future generations.
Join us and be part of our lively volunteer-led community, where every event helps preserve the magic of Banff Castle.
Line Drawing by Harry Mantell
A Brief History of Banff Castle
Banff Castle is a striking landmark that embodies centuries of Scottish history, transitioning from a medieval fortress to a Georgian manor.
Its origins trace back to the late 12th century, when it was fortified to guard against Viking invasions as a motte-and-bailey castle. The motte, a steep artificial mound of earth, provided a defensive vantage point, while the bailey, a walled enclosure of flat ground, housed essential buildings such as kitchens and stables. The castle's defences were created to counter threats from King Haco of Norway.
The castle gained prominence during Scotland’s Wars of Independence, serving as the northernmost English garrison until reclaimed by Robert the Bruce in 1309, who granted it to the Earl of Ross.
Banff Castle's strategic importance is highlighted by its association with historical figures, such as Robert the Bruce and King David II, who visited in 1342 with his queen and sisters, cementing its status as a royal residence.
Throughout its medieval history, the castle hosted nobility, including Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1562.
However, the original fortress gradually fell into disrepair, leaving only fragments of its walls and moat as echoes of its storied past.
In 1750, a new chapter began with the construction of the present Georgian manor house within the old castle walls. Designed by John Adam, eldest son of renowned architect William Adam, the manor reflects Adam's classical Georgian style, combining elegance with practicality. Locally sourced birch and peat were used in its construction, while other materials arrived by sea.
The new Banff Castle became the residence of the Earls of Findlater and Seafield, standing as a symbol of refinement and modernity.
Banff Castle Old Site
The castle grounds also hold historical treasures, including a medieval well that remains intact and a Monkey Puzzle tree planted in 1950 to honour José de San Martín, the Argentine liberator who visited Banff in 1824 as a guest of the 4th Earl Fife. San Martín’s recognition as an honorary Burgess of Banff remains a unique acknowledgment of his legacy outside South America.
In the 19th century, remnants of the medieval structure were removed or repurposed and the site continued to evolve. Today, Banff Castle operates as a vibrant community hub under the stewardship of the Banff Castle Community Association. It provides a venue for cultural activities, social events and local group meetings, maintaining its relevance to the town’s life.
The castle’s rich history is preserved in the landscape and local lore, with street names like Castlegate and Castle Street marking its historic boundaries. Now a Scheduled Ancient Monument, Banff Castle stands as a testament to its enduring role in the community, seamlessly blending its medieval roots with its Georgian elegance and modern purpose.
Did You Know?
In mediaeval times, as the Castle gradually fell into disrepair and was no longer used for defence, the land on the shore was used by fishermen and cloth finishers, using the water by the Water Path.
Resurrection
The Monkey Puzzle tree was planted in 1950 to commermorate the 100th anniversary of the death of José de San Martin, liberator of the former Spanish colony of Argentina.
He visited Banff in 1824 to see his friend, James Duff, 4th Earl of Fife, with whom he fought in the Peninsular War of the Spanish, against the French.
The Monkey Puzzle Tree
There was a plan to build a new hall at the Castle in the early 1950s. One of the things that stopped the project going ahead was the fact that steel, which would have been used for girders, was rationed after World War 2 and the design required more than rationing would allow.
World War II Effect on Castle
Modern Street names still tell us about the old Castle. "Old Castlegate" is where the entrance to the Castle was found and "Castle Lane" and "Castle Street" are along the boundaries of the old Castle walls.
Clues in Street Names
In 1342, King David II, his queen and sisters, visited Banff Castle. The town council spent 10 shillings and 9 pence on entertainment. That's equivalent to about £115 in today's money. Cash went a lot further then!
Royal Visitors
The Castle has never been part of the Burgh lands of Banff and its lands ran right down to the sea.